1）创建Web API项目
打开VS2012->FILE->New->Project->Web->ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application, 修改名字为WebAPIApplication, 单击OK, 在Project Template中选择Web API,单击OK.
2）添加Controller Template选择Empty API controller名字为StudentValueController.cs代码如下
using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Net;using System.Net.Http;using System.Web.Http;namespace MvcApplication22.Controllers{ public class StudentValueController : ApiController { /// /// 根据搜索条件获取学生信息 /// GET /api/StudentValue/GetStudents?stuName=chad&stuAddress=jiaxing /// /// 姓名 /// 地址 /// 满足条件的学生信息 [HttpGet] public IEnumerable GetStudents(string stuName, string stuAddress) { using (DataClassesDataContext dcdc = new DataClassesDataContext()) { List items = dcdc.StudentInfos.ToList(); if (stuName != null) { items = items .Where(u => u.stuName.Contains(stuName)).ToList(); } if (stuAddress != null) { items = items .Where(u => u.stuAddress.Contains(stuAddress)).ToList(); } return items; } } /// /// 根据学生编号获取学生信息 /// GET /api/StudentValue/GetStudentById/{id} /// /// 编号 /// 学生信息 [HttpGet] public StudentInfo GetStudentById(int id) { using (DataClassesDataContext dcdc = new DataClassesDataContext()) { return dcdc.StudentInfos .FirstOrDefault(u => u.stuId.Equals(id)); } } /// /// 添加学生信息 /// POST /api/StudentValue/AddStudent /// {stuName:'jack', stuAddress:'jiangsu'} /// /// 学生信息 /// 添加成功返回学生信息, 否则返回null [HttpPost] public StudentInfo AddStudent(StudentInfo item) { try { using (DataClassesDataContext dcdc = new DataClassesDataContext()) { dcdc.StudentInfos.InsertOnSubmit(item); dcdc.SubmitChanges(); return item; } } catch (Exception ex) { return null; } } /// /// 修改学生信息 /// PUT /api/StudentValue/UpdateStudent/{id} /// {stuName:'jack', stuAddress:'jiangsu'} /// /// 编号 /// 新的学生信息 /// 更新成功返回学生信息, 否则返回null [HttpPut] public StudentInfo UpdateStudent(int id, StudentInfo item) { try { using (DataClassesDataContext dcdc = new DataClassesDataContext()) { StudentInfo newItem = dcdc.StudentInfos .FirstOrDefault(u => u.stuId == id); newItem.stuName = item.stuName; newItem.stuAddress = item.stuAddress; dcdc.SubmitChanges(); return newItem; } } catch (Exception ex) { return null; } } /// /// 删除学生信息 /// DELETE /api/StudentValue/DeleteStudent/{id} /// /// 编号 /// 删除成功返回true, 否则返回false [HttpDelete] public bool DeleteStudent(int id) { try { using (DataClassesDataContext dcdc = new DataClassesDataContext()) { StudentInfo item = dcdc.StudentInfos .FirstOrDefault(u => u.stuId.Equals(id)); dcdc.StudentInfos.DeleteOnSubmit(item); dcdc.SubmitChanges(); return true; } } catch (Exception ex) { return false; } } }} 3）修改WebApiConfig.cs内容如下，主要是修改API访问路径 using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Web.Http;namespace MvcApplication2{ public static class WebApiConfig { public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config) { config.Routes.MapHttpRoute( name: "DefaultApi", routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{action}/{id}", defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional } ); } }} 4）用Firefox RESTClient测试编写的API
提示：在Body中添加json数据时请在Headers中添加Content-Type: application/json
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修改WebAPI返回数据的样式如将返回样式改成JSON:
在Global.asax.cs添加方法/// <summary> /// 设置WebAPI返回的样式(XML或者JSON) /// </summary> /// <param name="config"></param> void ConfigureApi(HttpConfiguration config) { // Remove the JSON formatter //config.Formatters.Remove(config.Formatters.JsonFormatter); // or // Remove the XML formatter config.Formatters.Remove(config.Formatters.XmlFormatter); }并在方法Application_Start中调用ConfigureApi(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration);
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MVC4发布到IIS，出现HTTP 错误 404.0 - Not Found的解决方法。
1）Web Site所对应的Application Pool的.NET Framework Version改成v4.0。2）由于使用的是VS2012,只要在MVC根目录的web.config中添加<system.webServer><modules runAllManagedModulesForAllRequests="true" /></system.webServer>就行了